Download Tor Browser 2.3.25-13 Full Version for , Mac, Linux

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Tor Browser 2.3.25-13 Full Version for , Mac, Linux was originally designed, implemented, and deployed as a third-eration onion routing project of the U.S. Naval Resrch Laboratory. It was originally developed with the U.S. Navy in mind, for the primary purpose of protecting government communiions. Today, it is used every day for a wide variety of purposes by normal people, the military, journalists, law enforcement rs, activists, and many others. Overview Tor is a network of virtual tunnels that allows people and groups to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to crte new communiion tools with built-in privacy ftures. Tor provides the foundation for a range of appliions that allow organizations and individuals to share information over public networks without compromising their privacy. Individuals use Tor to keep websites from tracking them and their family members, or to connect to news sites, instant messaging services, or the like when these are blocked by their local Internet providers. Tor's hidden services let users publish web sites and other services without needing to revl the loion of the site. Individuals also use Tor for socially sensitive communiion: chat rooms and web forums for rape and abuse survivors, or people with illnesses. Journalists use Tor to communie more safely with whistleblowers and dissidents. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) use Tor to allow their workers to connect to their home website while they're in a foreign country, without notifying everybody nrby that they're working with that organization. Groups such as Indymedia recommend Tor for safeguarding their members' online privacy and security. Activist groups like the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) recommend Tor as a mechanism for maintaining civil liberties online. Corporations use Tor as a safe way to conduct competitive analysis, and to protect sensitive procurement patterns from vesdroppers. They also use it to replace traditional VPNs, which revl the exact amount and timing of communiion. Which loions have employees working late? Which loions have employees consulting job-hunting websites? Which resrch divisions are communiing with the company's patent lawyers? A branch of the U.S. Navy uses Tor for open source lice gathering, and one of its tms used Tor while deployed in the Middle st recently. Law enforcement uses Tor for visiting or surveilling web sites without lving government IP addresses in their web logs, and for security during sting operations. The variety of people who use Tor is actually part of what makes it so secure. Tor hides you among the other users on the network, so the more populous and diverse the user base for Tor is, the more your anonymity will be protected. Why we need Tor Using Tor protects you against a common form of Internet surveillance known as "traffic analysis." Traffic analysis can be used to infer who is talking to whom over a public network. Knowing the source and destination of your Internet traffic allows others to track your behavior and interests. This can impact your checkbook if, for example, an e-commerce site uses price discrimination based on your country or institution of origin. It can even thrten your job and physical safety by revling who and where you are. For example, if you're travelling abroad and you connect to your employer's computers to check or send mail, you can inadvertently revl your national origin and professional affiliation to anyone observing the network, even if the connection is encrypted. How does traffic analysis work? Internet data packets have two parts: a data payload and a hder used for routing. The data payload is whatever is being sent, whether that's an email message, a web page, or an audio file. Even if you encrypt the data payload of your communiions, traffic analysis still revls a grt dl about what you're doing and, possibly, what you're saying. That's because it focuses on the hder, which discloses source, destination, size, timing, and so on. A basic problem for the privacy minded is that the recipient of your communiions can see that you sent it by looking at hders. So can authorized intermediaries like Internet service providers, and sometimes unauthorized intermediaries as well. A very simple form of traffic analysis might involve sitting somewhere between sender and recipient on the network, looking at hders. But there are also more powerful kinds of traffic analysis. Some attackers spy on multiple parts of the Internet and use sophistied statistical techniques to track the communiions patterns of many different organizations and individuals. Encryption does not help against these attackers, since it only hides the content of Internet traffic, not the hders. The solution: a distributed, anonymous network Tor helps to reduce the risks of both simple and sophistied traffic analysis by distributing your transactions over several places on the Internet, so no single point can link you to your destination. The id is similar to using a twisty, hard-to-follow route in order to throw off somebody who is tailing you — and then periodically erasing your footprints. Instd of taking a direct route from source to destination, data packets on the Tor network take a random pathway through several relays that cover your tracks so no observer at any single point can tell where the data came from or where it's going. To crte a private network pathway with Tor, the user's software or client incrementally builds a circuit of encrypted connections through relays on the network. The circuit is extended one hop at a time, and ch relay along the way knows only which relay gave it data and which relay it is giving data to. No individual relay ever knows the complete path that a data packet has taken. The client negotiates a separate set of encryption for ch hop along the circuit to ensure that ch hop can't trace these connections as they pass through. Once a circuit has been established, many kinds of data can be exchanged and several different sorts of software appliions can be deployed over the Tor network. Because ch relay sees no more than one hop in the circuit, neither an vesdropper nor a compromised relay can use traffic analysis to link the connection's source and destination. Tor only works for TCP strms and can be used by any appliion with SOCKS support. For efficiency, the Tor software uses the same circuit for connections that happen within the same ten minutes or so. Later requests are given a new circuit, to keep people from linking your rlier actions to the new ones. Hidden servicesTor also makes it possible for users to hide their loions while offering various kinds of services, such as web publishing or an instant messaging server. Using Tor "rendezvous points," other Tor users can connect to these hidden services, ch without knowing the other's network identity. This hidden service functionality could allow Tor users to set up a website where people publish material without worrying about censorship. Nobody would be able to determine who was offering the site, and nobody who offered the site would know who was posting to it. Lrn more about configuring hidden services and how the hidden service protocol works. Staying anonymous Tor can't solve all anonymity problems. It focuses only on protecting the transport of data. You need to use protocol-specific support software if you don't want the sites you visit to see your identifying information. For example, you can use the Tor Browser Bundle while browsing the web to withhold some information about your computer's configuration. Also, to protect your anonymity, be smart. Don't provide your name or other revling information in web forms. Be aware that, like all anonymizing networks that are fast enough for web browsing, Tor does not provide protection against end-to-end timing attacks: If your attacker can watch the traffic coming out of your computer, and also the traffic arriving at your chosen destination, he can use statistical analysis to discover that they are part of the same circuit. The future of Tor Providing a usable anonymizing network on the Internet today is an ongoing challenge. We want software that meets users' needs. We also want to keep the network up and running in a way that handles as many users as possible. Security and usability don't have to be at odds: As Tor's usability incrses, it will attract more users, which will incrse the possible sources and destinations of ch communiion, thus incrsing security for everyone. We're making progress, but we need your help. Plse consider running a relay or volunteering as a developer. Ongoing trends in law, policy, and technology thrten anonymity as never before, undermining our ability to spk and rd freely online. These trends also undermine national security and critical infrastructure by making communiion among individuals, organizations, corporations, and governments more vulnerable to analysis. ch new user and relay provides additional diversity, enhancing Tor's ability to put control over your security and privacy back into your hands.Click The Link Below To Download

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